0 Shopping Cart

Ultimate Guide to LR1130 Battery Equivalents

03 November 2025 153

 


The LR1130 battery is a small button cell. It is used in many everyday devices like watches, calculators, and toys. 

 

Different brands use different names for the same battery size, finding the right battery LR1130 equivalent can be confusing. 

 

This guide explains what the LR1130 battery is, its specifications, applications, and the best compatible equivalents. 

 

You’ll also learn how to choose the right replacement, where to buy it, and how to handle and dispose of it safely.

 

 

What Is an LR1130 Battery?

 

 

The LR1130 battery is a 1.5-volt alkaline button cell. It is designed to power small, portable electronic devices. It is part of the LR series of alkaline batteries. 

 

These batteries are known for their compact size and steady performance in low-drain applications. 

 

What Is an LR1130 Battery?

 

The name “LR1130” is a standardized code used by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), where:

  • “L” stands for alkaline electrolyte
  • “R” means round (cylindrical) shape
  • “1130” represents the battery’s dimensions — 11.6 mm in diameter and 3.1 mm in height.

 

This battery is commonly found in watches, calculators, laser pointers, toys, thermometers, and small electronic instruments.  

 

It provides consistent voltage output, making it suitable for devices that require a stable power supply over time.

 

LR1130 Battery Dimension

 

The LR1130 battery is often compared with the silver oxide battery in the same series. The SR1130 has the same physical size but offers longer life and more stable voltage. 

 

Many manufacturers use their own naming conventions, the LR1130 can also be labeled as AG10, 389, LR54, or V10GA, depending on the brand.

 

 

LR1130 Battery Specifications

 

Specification Details
Battery Type Alkaline button cell
Chemical System Zinc–Manganese Dioxide (Zn/MnO₂)
Nominal Voltage 1.5 volts
Capacity Typically 40–70 mAh (varies by manufacturer)
Diameter 11.6 mm
Height (Thickness) 3.1 mm
Weight Around 0.7 grams
Operating Temperature –10°C to +60°C
Shape Round (button type)
Common Equivalent Names AG10, LR54, 389A, 189, G10A, V10GA
Typical Applications Watches, calculators, laser pointers, thermometers, toys, and medical devices

 

The LR1130 battery is favored for its compact design, affordable price, and stable performance in low-current devices.

 

However, since it is an alkaline battery, its voltage gradually decreases over time. For precision instruments requiring consistent voltage, silver oxide alternatives (like SR1130) a better choice.

 

 

Applications of LR1130 Batteries

 

The LR1130 battery is widely used in small electronic devices. These devices require compact, reliable, and low-voltage power sources.

 

Applications of LR1130 Batteries

 

Its 1.5V output and small size make it ideal for a variety of portable gadgets and precision instruments. Here are some common applications:

  • Wristwatches: Used to power analog and digital watches that need steady, low current for long periods.
  • Calculators: Provides reliable energy for handheld calculators commonly used in schools and offices.
  • Laser Pointers: Powers compact laser pointers used for presentations or alignment tasks.
  • Toys and Games: Common in small electronic toys, sound modules, and LED-based gadgets.
  • Medical Devices: Used in small diagnostic tools such as digital thermometers, blood glucose meters, and hearing aids (in some cases).
  • Remote Controls and Key Fobs: Powers small remotes or control units where space and energy efficiency are important.
  • LED Flashlights and Mini Lights: Provides compact, lightweight power for small LED-based lighting tools.

 

LR1130 batteries are suitable for low-drain, compact devices that require consistent performance. Their versatility and affordability make them one of the most commonly used button cell types in everyday electronics.

 

 

LR1130 Battery Equivalents

 

LR1130 battery is produced by many brands and manufacturers. It is often sold under different names and model numbers.

 

These equivalents refer to batteries that share the same size, voltage, and performance characteristics. These factors allow them to be used interchangeably in most devices.

 

Direct Alkaline Equivalents

These are batteries with the same alkaline chemistry as the LR1130. They provide 1.5V and are ideal for low-drain applications such as calculators, toys, and remote controls.

 

AG10

You will often find the AG10 battery mentioned alongside the LR1130 battery. Both are alkaline button cells with nearly identical chemistry and dimensions.

 

AG10

 

Like the LR1130, the AG10 battery uses a zinc anode and a manganese dioxide cathode. Both deliver a nominal voltage of 1.5 volts and share the same compact size.

 

These features make the AG10 battery an ideal replacement for the LR1130 in most small electronic devices.

Feature AG10 Battery LR1130 Battery
Chemistry Alkaline (zinc/manganese dioxide) Alkaline (zinc/manganese dioxide)
Nominal Voltage 1.5 V 1.5 V
Capacity 40–70 mAh 40–70 mAh
Size 11.6 mm × 3.1 mm 11.6 mm × 3.1 mm
Shelf Life 2–5 years 2–5 years
Common Use Watches, calculators, laser pointers, toys, thermometers Watches, calculators, small electronics

 

You can freely swap the AG10 battery with the LR1130 battery in almost any device. Because they share the same voltage and dimensions.

 

Their main difference lies in the naming conventions used by different manufacturers. The AG10 performs well in low-drain devices like watches and calculators.

 

AG10

 

It offers reliable short-term power at an affordable cost. If you need a longer-lasting option and more stable voltage, consider SR1130 (silver oxide).

 

Otherwise, the AG10 battery is an excellent, easy-to-find replacement for the LR1130 in most everyday gadgets.

 

189

The 189 battery is another common name for the LR1130. Both are alkaline button cells that share the same voltage, size, and chemistry.

 

189

 

The 189 battery uses a zinc anode and a manganese dioxide cathode. And it provides a nominal voltage of 1.5 volts.

 

These similarities, the 189 battery is a direct equivalent to the LR1130. They can be used interchangeably in most small electronic devices.

Feature 189 Battery LR1130 Battery
Chemistry Alkaline (zinc/manganese dioxide) Alkaline (zinc/manganese dioxide)
Nominal Voltage 1.5 V 1.5 V
Capacity 40–70 mAh 40–70 mAh
Size 11.6 mm × 3.1 mm 11.6 mm × 3.1 mm
Shelf Life 2–5 years 2–5 years
Common Use Watches, calculators, thermometers, toys, remote controls Watches, calculators, small electronics

 

You can replace the 189 battery with an LR1130 without any problem. They perform the same function and fit perfectly in the same battery compartment.

 

189

 

The 189 battery works best in low-drain devices such as digital watches, calculators, and small LED lights.

 

For precision watches or medical devices, you can opt for the SR1130 (silver oxide) equivalent for better performance.

 

LR54

The LR54 battery is another well-known name for the LR1130. It is an alkaline button cell that delivers 1.5 volts of power.

 

LR54

 

And it is designed for small electronic devices requiring compact, steady energy. Like the LR1130 battery, the LR54 battery uses a zinc anode and a manganese dioxide cathode, so they are completely interchangeable.

Feature LR54 Battery LR1130 Battery
Chemistry Alkaline (zinc/manganese dioxide) Alkaline (zinc/manganese dioxide)
Nominal Voltage 1.5 V 1.5 V
Capacity 40–70 mAh 40–70 mAh
Size 11.6 mm × 3.1 mm 11.6 mm × 3.1 mm
Shelf Life 2–5 years 2–5 years
Common Use Watches, calculators, laser pointers, toys, thermometers Watches, calculators, small electronics

 

You can directly replace the LR54 battery with the LR1130 in nearly any device. They share the same size and voltage rating.

 

The only differences lies in the brand naming conventions and slight variations in capacity between different manufacturers.

 

LR54 Battery Size

 

The LR54 performs best in low-drain devices such as watches, small toys, and digital thermometers.

 

For devices that require longer-lasting, more stable power, using a silver oxide equivalent (SR1130 or 389) is recommended.

 

L1131

The L1131 battery is another common model of the LR1130. Both share the same physical size, voltage, and chemistry, making them fully interchangeable. The L1131 is an alkaline button cell.

 

L1131

 

It uses a zinc anode and a manganese dioxide cathode, and has a nominal voltage of 1.5 volts. It is widely used in compact devices that need reliable, low-power energy.

Feature L1131 Battery LR1130 Battery
Chemistry Alkaline (zinc/manganese dioxide) Alkaline (zinc/manganese dioxide)
Nominal Voltage 1.5 V 1.5 V
Capacity 40–70 mAh 40–70 mAh
Size     11.6 mm × 3.1 mm 11.6 mm × 3.1 mm
Shelf Life 2–5 years 2–5 years
Common Use Watches, calculators, toys, thermometers, laser pointers Watches, calculators, small electronics

 

You can replace the L1131 battery with LR1130 batteries. They have the same dimensions and electrical characteristics.

 

Battery L1131 Size

 

The only difference lies in the naming systems used by different manufacturers. The L1131 is best suited for low-drain devices such as watches, LED lights, or digital thermometers.

 

If your device demands longer-lasting performance or stable voltage, you may consider a silver oxide equivalent, such as SR1130 or 389.

 

387A

387A battery is another common name for LR1130 battery. It is an alkaline button cell that provides 1.5 volts and is designed for small, low-drain electronic devices.

 

The 387A battery uses a zinc anode and a manganese dioxide cathode, ensuring consistent performance in compact gadgets.

Feature 387A Battery LR1130 Battery
Chemistry Alkaline (zinc/manganese dioxide) Alkaline (zinc/manganese dioxide)
Nominal Voltage 1.5 V 1.5 V
Capacity 40–70 mAh 40–70 mAh
Size 11.6 mm × 3.1 mm 11.6 mm × 3.1 mm
Shelf Life 2–5 years 2–5 years
Common Use Watches, calculators, toys, thermometers, remote controls Watches, calculators, small electronics

 

You can safely interchange the 387A battery with LR1130 batteries in most devices. Because they share the same size and voltage.

 

The different labels reflect the naming conventions of different brands. The 387A performs well in low-drain or intermittent-use devices, such as digital thermometers, wristwatches, or small toys.

 

However, if your device requires longer life and more stable voltage output, consider using a silver oxide alternative such as SR1130, 389, or 390.

 

Silver Oxide Equivalents

Silver oxide batteries are a premium equivalent to LR1130 cells. They share the same physical dimensions but offer longer life, higher capacity, and more stable voltage (1.55V).

 

Therefore, they are more suitable for use in precision devices such as watches and medical instruments.

 

SR1130

The SR1130 battery is the silver oxide equivalent of the alkaline LR1130. It has the same size and shape, but with a more stable voltage (1.55V) and a longer lifespan.

 

SR1130

 

So it is ideal for precision electronics that require consistent power. The “SR” in its name stands for Silver Oxide. While “1130” refers to its dimensions — 11.6 mm in diameter and 3.1 mm in height.

Feature SR1130 Battery LR1130 Battery
Chemistry Silver Oxide (silver oxide/zinc) Alkaline (zinc/manganese dioxide)
Nominal Voltage 1.55 V 1.5 V
Capacity 80–100 mAh 40–70 mAh
Size     11.6 mm × 3.1 mm 11.6 mm × 3.1 mm
Shelf Life 3–7 years 2–5 years
Common Use Watches, medical instruments, cameras, precision electronics Watches, calculators, small electronics

 

You can replace an LR1130 battery with an SR1130 in most devices without issue. Both share the same dimensions and fit perfectly.

 

However, the SR1130 lasts longer and maintains a steady voltage throughout its life. It is the preferred option for high-accuracy devices like watches, medical thermometers, and cameras.

 

SR1130

 

Depending on the manufacturer, SR1130 batteries may appear under different labels, such as 389, 390, SR1130W, SR1130SW, or D389/D390. These variations mainly indicate discharge rate or brand naming differences. 

 

If you need better performance, longer battery life, and stable output, the SR1130 is a superior replacement for the LR1130 in almost all applications.

 

SR1130W / SR1130SW

Both SR1130W and SR1130SW are silver oxide button batteries. They have the same size and voltage as the LR1130 battery, but offer superior performance.

 

SR1130W / SR1130SW

 

They are 11.6 mm in diameter, 3.1 mm in height, and have a nominal voltage of 1.55 V. The main difference between them lies in their discharge characteristics, making them more suitable for different applications.

Feature SR1130W / SR1130SW Battery LR1130 Battery
Chemistry Silver Oxide (silver oxide/zinc) Alkaline (zinc/manganese dioxide)
Nominal Voltage 1.55 V 1.5 V
Capacity 80–100 mAh 40–70 mAh
Size     11.6 mm × 3.1 mm 11.6 mm × 3.1 mm
Shelf Life 3–7 years 2–5 years
Common Use Watches, cameras, medical instruments, calculators Watches, calculators, toys

 

Difference Between SR1130W and SR1130SW

 

Difference Between SR1130W and SR1130SW

 

  • SR1130W (“W” for High Drain): Designed for devices that require higher or continuous power output, such as cameras, electronic thermometers, or laser pointers.
  • SR1130SW (“SW” for Low Drain): Ideal for low-drain, long-lasting devices like analog watches or small medical instruments that need stable power over time.

 

You can replace an LR1130 with either SR1130W or SR1130SW, depending on your device’s power requirements. Both versions fit perfectly and provide longer life and more stable voltage than their alkaline batteries.

 

389 / 390

The 389 and 390 batteries are silver oxide button cells that serve as direct equivalents to the LR1130. They share the same physical dimensions — 11.6 mm in diameter and 3.1 mm in height.

 

389 / 390

 

However, they deliver a slightly higher and more stable nominal voltage of 1.55V. Because of their superior voltage stability and longer lifespan, they are ideal for precision and high-performance devices.

Feature 389 / 390 Battery LR1130 Battery
Chemistry Silver Oxide (silver oxide/zinc) Alkaline (zinc/manganese dioxide)
Nominal Voltage 1.55 V 1.5 V
Capacity 80–100 mAh 40–70 mAh
Size 11.6 mm × 3.1 mm 11.6 mm × 3.1 mm
Shelf Life 3–7 years 2–5 years
Common Use Watches, cameras, medical devices, calculators Watches, toys, small electronics

 

Difference Between 389 and 390

 

Difference Between 389 and 390

 

  • 389 (Low-Drain Type): Best suited for devices that consume little power over long periods, such as watches and small measuring instruments.
  • 390 (High-Drain Type): Designed for devices that need more power output, like digital cameras, thermometers, or other high-drain electronics.

 

Both versions can replace the LR1130 battery without issue. They are the same size and voltage compatible. The main difference lies in the power supply method

 

The 389 model is suitable for long-duration, low-power applications, while the 390 model meets the needs of higher performance.

 

389/390

 

The 389/390 battery is a superior silver oxide alternative to the LR1130. These two batteries offer longer lifespan, more stable voltage, and better overall performance. They are suitable for a wide range of small electronic devices.

 

 

Complete LR1130 Equivalent Comparison Table

 

Here’s a complete comparison table of the most common LR1130 battery equivalents, including both alkaline and silver oxide types.

 

This helps you easily find compatible replacements based on chemistry, performance, and application needs.

Equivalent Model LR1130 AG10 LR54
Chemistry Alkaline (Zn/MnO₂) Alkaline (Zn/MnO₂) Alkaline (Zn/MnO₂)
Nominal Voltage 1.5 V 1.5 V 1.5 V
Capacity (mAh) 40–70 45–70 40–60
Size (mm) 11.6 × 3.1 11.6 × 3.1 11.6 × 3.1
Other Names / Codes AG10, L1131, LR54 LR1130, LR54 AG10, L1131
Common Uses Watches, calculators, toys Small gadgets, remotes Toys, clocks, laser pointers

 

Equivalent Model LR1130 189 L1131
Chemistry Alkaline (Zn/MnO₂) Alkaline (Zn/MnO₂) Alkaline (Zn/MnO₂)
Nominal Voltage 1.5 V 1.5 V 1.5 V
Capacity (mAh) 40–70 50–70 45–70
Size (mm) 11.6 × 3.1 11.6 × 3.1 11.6 × 3.1
Other Names / Codes AG10, L1131, LR54 LR1130, AG10 LR1130, LR54, AG10
Common Uses Watches, calculators, toys Remote controls, LED lights Watches, calculators

 

Equivalent Model LR1130 SR1130 387A
Chemistry Alkaline (Zn/MnO₂) Silver Oxide (Ag₂O/Zn) Alkaline (Zn/MnO₂)
Nominal Voltage 1.5 V 1.55 V 1.5 V
Capacity (mAh) 40–70 80–100 40–60
Size (mm) 11.6 × 3.1 11.6 × 3.1 11.6 × 3.1
Other Names / Codes AG10, L1131, LR54 389, 390, SR54 LR1130, L1131
Common Uses Watches, calculators, toys Watches, cameras Toys, thermometers

 

Equivalent Model LR1130 389 / 390 SR1130W / SR1130SW
Chemistry Alkaline (Zn/MnO₂) Silver Oxide (Ag₂O/Zn) Silver Oxide (Ag₂O/Zn)
Nominal Voltage 1.5 V 1.55 V 1.55 V
Capacity (mAh) 40–70 80–100 90–110
Size (mm) 11.6 × 3.1 11.6 × 3.1 11.6 × 3.1
Other Names / Codes AG10, L1131, LR54 SR1130, SR54 389/390
Common Uses Watches, calculators, toys Watches, thermometers, instruments Medical tools, precision devices

 

Summary

  • Best Alkaline Equivalents: AG10, LR54, L1131, 189, 387A
  • Best Silver Oxide Equivalents (Longer Life): SR1130, SR1130W/SW, 389/390
  • Tip: If you need stable voltage and a longer lifespan, use silver oxide batteries; If you have a limited budget and need general-purpose batteries, use alkaline batteries.

 

 

How to Choose the Right LR1130 Equivalent?

 

How to Choose the Right LR1130 Equivalent?

 

Choosing the right LR1130 equivalent battery ensures your device performs optimally and lasts longer. Here are the key factors to consider:

 

Check Your Device’s Requirements

  • Look at the battery compartment or the device manual for the recommended battery type.
  • Ensure the replacement matches the voltage (1.5V) and size (11.6 × 3.1 mm) of the original LR1130.

 

Decide Between Alkaline and Silver Oxide

 

Alkaline equivalents (AG10, LR54, 189, 387A):

  • Affordable and widely available
  • Suitable for low-drain devices like toys, calculators, or remotes
  • Voltage drops gradually over time

 

Silver oxide equivalents (SR1130, SR1130W/SW, 389/390):

  • Longer lifespan and more stable voltage
  • Ideal for precision devices like watches, medical instruments, or cameras
  • Slightly more expensive but worth it for critical devices

 

Consider Device Usage and Power Drain

  • High-drain or frequently used devices benefit from silver oxide equivalents.
  • Devices used occasionally or with low energy demands can rely on alkaline equivalents.

 

Brand Reliability and Shelf Life

  • Choose reputable brands (Duracell, Energizer, Panasonic, Maxell) for consistent performance.
  • Check the expiration date to ensure maximum shelf life.

 

Check Compatibility Names

  • Remember that LR1130 may also appear as: AG10, LR54, L1131, 189, 387A (alkaline); SR1130, SR1130W/SW, 389, 390 (silver oxide).
  • Always confirm the physical size and voltage match before replacing.

 

 

Where to Buy LR1130 Battery Equivalents?

 

Where to Buy LR1130 Battery Equivalents?

 

Online Retailers

You can find a wide selection of button battery LR1130 equivalent online. Popular options include:

  • Walmart: Maxell LR1130, LiCB 20 - Pack, WHITECRANE 20 - Pack
  • Newegg: PKCELL 50 - Pack alkaline batteries
  • eBay & AliExpress: Tenergy and Panasonic AG10/LR1130 options
  • BatteryJunction & MicroBattery: Premium single cells and silver - oxide versions

 

Tip: Check that the battery size (11.6 mm × 3.1 mm) and voltage (1.5 V for alkaline or 1.55 V for silver oxide) match your device.

 

Authorized Distributors

Specialty distributors and brand stores sell genuine batteries in bulk:

  • MicroBattery, BatteryEquivalents.com, CochlearBatteries.com
  • Ideal for businesses, multiple devices, or when you need official brand cells

 

Benefits:

  • High-quality, authentic batteries
  • Bulk packs available
  • Support and datasheets included

 

Local Stores

If you need a battery quickly, local stores are convenient:

  • Electronics shops, watch repair stores, big-box retailers (Walmart, Target, Batteries Plus Bulbs)
  • Bring your old battery or device info to ensure the correct LR1130 equivalent is purchased

 

Benefits:

  • Instant pickup
  • Staff can help with equivalent codes (AG10, 189, L1131, LR54)
  • Great for urgent replacements

 

 

Safe Handling and Disposal of LR1130 Batteries

 

Even small button cells like the LR1130 require careful handling and proper disposal to avoid accidents, environmental damage, or device malfunction.

 

Safe Handling Tips

 

LR1130 Safe Handling Tips

 

  • Avoid short-circuiting: Do not touch both ends of the battery with metal objects. Because it can cause sparks or leakage.
  • Keep dry and clean: Store in a dry place, away from moisture, to prevent corrosion or leakage.
  • Insert correctly: Match the positive (+) and negative (−) terminals with your device. Incorrect installation can damage the device.
  • Do not puncture or crush: Button cells can leak or even explode if physically damaged.
  • Keep away from children and pets: Small batteries are a choking hazard and can be extremely dangerous if swallowed.

 

Storage Tips

 

LR1130 Storage Tips

 

  • Store batteries in their original packaging or a battery case to prevent contact with other metal objects.
  • Avoid storing near heat sources, open flames, or direct sunlight.
  • Do not mix old and new batteries or different battery chemistries (alkaline vs silver oxide) in the same device.

 

Disposal Guidelines

 

LR1130 Disposal Guidelines

 

  • Do not throw batteries in household trash: Button cells contain chemicals like manganese dioxide or silver oxide. They are harmful to the environment.
  • Use recycling programs: Many local electronics stores, municipal hazardous waste facilities, or battery collection points accept button cells for recycling.
  • Check local regulations: Some regions have specific rules for battery disposal—always follow them.

 

Environmental Considerations

  • Recycling reduces pollution and allows recovery of valuable metals.
  • Proper disposal prevents soil and water contamination.

 

 

The LR1130 battery powers many small devices like watches, toys, and calculators. Knowing its specifications and equivalent options (AG10, 189, SR1130) helps you pick the right replacement.

 

Buy from trusted retailers or local stores, handle batteries safely, and dispose of them properly to protect yourself and the environment.

 

 

Frequently Asked Questions

What is equivalent to a lr1130 battery?

Direct replacements for LR1130 would be 1130, AG10, 189, LR54, LR55, 389, and 390 batteries.

What energizer battery is equivalent to lr1130?

Energizer 389 (alkaline) or Energizer 387 (silver-oxide) batteries.

Is LR1130 the same as 357?

No. LR1130 is an alkaline battery and 357 is a silver oxide battery. However, they share the same size and a 1.5V output. Therefore, they can be interchangeable.

Is Energizer 389 equivalent to LR1130?

Yes, Energizer 389 is equivalent to LR1130. They have the same voltage 1.5v and are used in devices such as watches and calculators.

Is LR44 the same as LR1130?

No. Though both are 1.5V alkaline button cells, they differ in thickness and capacity. Additionally,LR44 is used in higher-drain devices. LR1130 is for smaller, low-power devices like watches. Therefore, they are not interchangeable.

What replaces the battery in the watch LR1130?

The AG10, LR54, 389, 390, 1130, 189, and LR55 are similar to the LR1130 in voltage, size, and application. These models are suitable for low-power devices such as watches.

Is LR1130 the same as 389?

The LR1130 and 389 are not exactly the same. They have the same 1.5V and size, so they can be used interchangeably in most low-power devices. However, the 389 performs poorly in high-power scenarios.

Are CR and LR batteries interchangeable?

No, CR and LR batteries are generally not interchangeable. Because they differ in voltage (CR is 3V, LR is 1.5V) and chemical composition. These factors can affect device performance and lifespan.

What devices use the LR1130 battery?

Common applications for the LR1130 battery include digital thermometers, calculators, laser pens, flashlights, security systems, wristwatches, and medical devices.

What is the current of LR1130 battery?

The LR1130 battery typically has a standard load current around 0.5mA to 180mA. Its short-circuit current ranges from 180mA to 800mA. These data depends on the manufacturer and specific design.​

 

 

Read More:

AG4, LR626, LR66, 177/376/377, SR626 & SR626SW Equivalents

Best AG13 Battery Equivalent Options

What is the Difference between a CR2032 and LR44 battery?

 

Extended More:

Everything You Should Know About DVI Connectors

Understanding Variable Resistor Symbol Meaning

Understanding 1k Ohm Resistor Color Code and Uses

The Ultimate Guide to the Types of Monitor Cables

What is the Capacitor Symbol on a Multimeter?

 

 

Share:
Anderson Snape
Anderson Snape, born in 1972, completed his undergraduate studies at Loughborough University in the UK in 1993 and received a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering. In 1996, he furthered his studies and obtained a master's degree from Newcastle University. As a senior engineer in the field of integrated circuit testing, Anderson has been working in the chip testing industry for more than 20 years, accumulating profound professional experience and holding unique insights into the industry. He not only focuses on technical practice, but also actively engages in chip-related science popularization work. At the same time, he keeps up with the current hot topics in the semiconductor industry and has made important contributions to the progress and development of the industry.